What is Fake GST Number and How to Identify it?

What Is a Fake GST Number?

A fake GST number is a fabricated, altered or unauthorized GSTIN that does not belong to any valid GST-registered business. Fraudsters often generate random GST numbers, modify genuine GSTINs or misuse someone else’s registration to make their invoices look legitimate. These fake or dummy GST numbers are commonly used to collect GST illegally, claim wrongful input tax credit or hide taxable turnover.

Dealing with such GSTINs exposes businesses to financial losses, denied ITC, penalties and compliance issues. Verifying GST numbers before accepting or issuing invoices helps prevent GST fraud and ensures accuracy in tax records.

Why Fraudsters Use Fake or Dummy GST Numbers

• To issue fake GST invoices
• To collect GST from customers without paying it to the government
• To claim false or inflated input tax credit
• To avoid GST registration and underreport turnover
• To misuse or clone another business’s GST number
• To continue issuing invoices using a cancelled or suspended GSTIN

Format of a Valid GST Number

A valid GST number follows a strict 15-character alphanumeric structure defined by the GSTN. Every registered taxpayer in India is issued a GSTIN in this exact format, and variation from this format may indicate an incorrect GST number, while even correctly formatted GSTINs can be fake, cloned, or misused.

A valid GSTIN looks like this:
11AAAAA1111A1Z1

Breakdown of a Valid GST Number

1. First 2 digits – State Code
Indicates the state or union territory as per the Census code.
Examples:

• 27 for Maharashtra
• 07 for Delhi
• 29 for Karnataka

2. Next 10 characters – PAN of the business
This is the business’s PAN in the format:

• First 5 letters
• Next 4 numbers
• Last 1 letter

3. 13th digit – Registration count
Shows the number of GST registrations the same PAN has in that state.
(For example: 1, 2, 3 depending on additional places of business)

4. 14th digit – Always Z
A system-generated default character used across all GSTINs.

5. 15th digit – Check code
An alphanumeric character used to validate the GSTIN and prevent errors or fake entries.

How to Identify a Fake or Dummy GST Number

Identifying a fake GST number is important because fraudsters often use random or cloned GSTINs to issue false invoices, collect GST illegally or claim input tax credit without real transactions. Before accepting any invoice, buyers and businesses should verify the GSTIN using the steps below.

1. Check the GST Number Format
A valid GSTIN always has 15 characters in a fixed format.
If the number has an incorrect length, a wrong state code, a mismatched PAN, or unusual characters, it is likely a fake or dummy GST number.

2. Verify the GSTIN on the Official GST Portal
The safest way to confirm a GST number is through the GST portal. Below are the steps to verify a GSTIN on the GST portal:

• Visit gst.gov.in
• Select Search Taxpayer
• Enter the 15-digit GSTIN

If the GSTIN is valid, the portal will display the business name, registration date, and status. If no record appears, the number is fake.

3. Cross-Check Business Details on the Invoice
Compare the details shown on the GST portal with the invoice:

• Business name
• Address
• Registration type
• Status (active, cancelled or suspended)

A mismatch indicates misuse or fraudulent activity.

4. Check Registration Status
A GSTIN may be:

• Active
• Cancelled
• Suspended

If a cancelled or suspended GSTIN appears on an invoice, the number is not legally valid for transactions.

5. Look for Clues on the Invoice
Fraudulent invoices often include:

• Incorrect or mismatched GSTIN
• Poor formatting
• No digital signature
• Missing mandatory invoice details

6. Use Trusted GST Verification Tools
Some third-party platforms allow quick GST checks. Use only those that fetch data directly from the official GST system.

7. Monitor Supplier GST Filing Patterns
If a supplier has irregular or stopped GST return filings, it may indicate misuse of a fake or dummy GST number.

Calculate GST

How to File a Fake GST Number Complaint

If you come across a fake GST number or suspect that a supplier is using a dummy or misused GSTIN, you can report it through the GST portal or by contacting local GST authorities. Filing a complaint ensures that the fraud is investigated and helps prevent further GST misuse.

1. Report a Fake GST Number Through the GST Portal

The GST portal allows taxpayers and consumers to report suspicious GSTINs.

Steps:

• Visit the official GST portal at gst.gov.in
• Scroll to the bottom and go to Help and Taxpayer Facilities, then select Lodge Complaint.
• Choose the category related to a fake or suspicious GSTIN.
  Enter the following details:

1. The GST number you believe is fake
2. Business name shown on the invoice
3. Invoice number and date
4. Transaction value
5. Reason why you believe the GSTIN is fake

• Upload supporting documents such as invoices or payment proofs.
• Submit the complaint.
• You will receive a Complaint Reference Number for tracking.

Report the Issue at the Jurisdictional GST Office

You can also report the matter offline at the nearest:

• Central GST office
• State GST office
• GST Commissionerate

Carry copies of:

• Suspicious invoices
• Payment records
• Email communication
• Any other proof that supports your complaint

Officials will forward the matter to the enforcement or intelligence wing if necessary.

Information Required for Filing a Complaint

To help authorities verify faster, keep these details ready:

• Fake or suspicious GST number
• Business name and address (as per invoice)
• Invoice copies
• Transaction details
• Explanation of the issue
• Your contact details (for follow-up)

What Happens After Filing a Fake GST Complaint?

Once you file a complaint about a fake or suspicious GST number, the GST authorities begin a formal review process. The action taken depends on whether the GSTIN is genuinely fake, misused, cloned or legally registered but used incorrectly.

1. Initial Verification by GST Officers

After receiving your complaint, officers check:

• Whether the GSTIN exists in the GST database
• Whether the GSTIN is active, cancelled or suspended
• Whether the business details and PAN match
• Any discrepancies between the complaint and official records

If the GSTIN is invalid or misused, the matter escalates.

2. Detailed Inquiry or Inspection

Depending on the severity, authorities may initiate:

• Field visits
• Verification of the business location
• Examination of invoices and transaction history
• PAN and registration cross-checks

This process helps determine whether the GST number is fake, cloned or misused.

3. Action Against the Fraudulent Entity

If the complaint is found valid, the following steps may be taken:

• Cancellation or suspension of GST registration (if misused or fraud is detected)
• Blocking or reversal of wrongful ITC claimed using the fake GST number
• Penalties and fines as per GST laws
• Prosecution in cases involving large-scale fraud or invoice rackets

Authorities may also alert other departments if the fraud affects multiple states.

4. Follow-Up and Tracking

You can track the status of your complaint using the complaint reference number received during submission.

The officer may contact you for:

• Additional documents
• Clarifications
• Confirmation of the reported invoice

This helps ensure the investigation is completed correctly and with full clarity.

How to Protect Yourself from GST Fraud

GST-related fraud often begins with fake or misused GST numbers on invoices. Businesses and customers can avoid financial losses, rejected ITC claims, and compliance issues by following simple preventive steps.

1. Verify Every GST Number Before Transactions

Always check the GSTIN on the official GST portal.
This ensures the number is valid, active, and registered under the correct business name.

2. Cross-Check Invoice Details

Ensure the information on the invoice matches what the GST portal displays:

• Business name
• Address
• GST registration status
• Invoice serial patterns
• Any mismatch requires verification.

3. Monitor Supplier GST Return Filings

Regular suppliers should file:

• GSTR-1 (outward supplies)
• GSTR-3B (summary return)

If a supplier stops filing returns, it may affect your ITC and could indicate misuse of a fake or dummy GST number.

Read more: Types of GST Returns

4. Keep All Transaction Records

Maintain copies of:

• Invoices
• Payment proofs
• Delivery receipts
• Email communication

These documents are essential if authorities need to verify your ITC claims.

5. Avoid Working With Suspicious Vendors

Be cautious if a seller:

• Frequently changes their GST number
• Offers unusually high discounts
• Provides poorly formatted invoices
• Refuses to upload invoices in GSTR-1

These may indicate GST fraud or misuse of a GST number.

6. Conduct Regular GST Reconciliation

Monthly reconciliation helps detect:

• Missing invoices
• Incorrect GSTIN entries
• ITC mismatches

This helps correct issues before tax filings.

7. Report Suspicious GST Numbers Immediately

Early reporting to GST authorities ensures:

• Fraudulent GSTINs are blocked
• Wrongful ITC claims are prevented
• You are protected from future tax disputes

Conclusion

Fake or dummy GST numbers can lead to serious financial and compliance issues for both businesses and customers. Fraudsters often misuse random, cloned, or cancelled GSTINs to issue false invoices, collect GST illegally, or claim wrongful input tax credit. Verifying GST numbers before every transaction, cross-checking invoice details, and monitoring supplier compliance are simple steps that prevent GST fraud.

If you identify a fake GST number, reporting it to the GST authorities ensures timely action and protects others from fraud. Building a habit of regular GSTIN verification keeps your records accurate, protects your ITC claims, and supports a transparent, compliant business environment.

FAQs

1. How can I check if a GST number is fake or valid?
You can verify any GSTIN on the official GST portal at gst.gov.in. Enter the 15-digit number in the Search Taxpayer tool. If no record appears or the business details do not match the invoice, the GST number may be fake or misused.

2. What are the signs of a fake or dummy GST number?
Common red flags include:

• Incorrect GSTIN format
• Mismatched business name or address
• Cancelled or inactive GSTIN used on invoices
• Poorly formatted invoices
• Suppliers who avoid filing GST returns

These indicate the GST number may be fake, dummy or cloned.

3. Can a GSTIN be cloned or misused?
Yes. Fraudsters often copy a valid GST number and print it on fake invoices. The simplest way to detect cloned GSTINs is by checking whether the business name and location shown on the GST portal match the supplier’s invoice.

4. What should I do if a supplier gives me a fake GST number?
Stop further transactions immediately and verify the GSTIN online. If it is fake, file a fake GST number complaint through the GST portal and inform your jurisdictional GST office with supporting documents.

5. What happens if I claim ITC using a fake GSTIN number?
Input Tax Credit claimed on fake or invalid GST numbers will be reversed during scrutiny. You may have to pay tax along with interest. Filing a correction early and reporting the issue protects you from penalties.

6. Can a cancelled GST number still appear on invoices?
Yes. Fraudsters may continue using cancelled GSTINs on invoices to appear genuine. Always check the GSTIN status on the portal. If it shows cancelled or suspended, it cannot be used for legal transactions.

7. How do I file a complaint for GST fraud or a fake GST number?
You can file a GST fraud complaint or a fake GST number complaint through the GST portal under Help and Taxpayer Facilities. You can also report the issue at your jurisdictional GST office with supporting documents.

8. Is GSTIN verification mandatory for businesses?
It is not legally mandatory, but it is strongly recommended. Verifying GST numbers protects businesses from fake invoices, ITC rejection and compliance risks.