What is CTC? The Full Form and Cost to Company Meaning

What is CTC?

CTC, or Cost to Company, is the total amount an employer spends on an employee in a year. It includes salary paid in cash, employer contributions, bonuses, allowances, and statutory benefits.

CTC is higher than the take-home salary because some components included in CTC are not paid out monthly, such as Provident Fund and gratuity. This is why the salary mentioned in a job offer often differs from the actual in-hand salary.

What Does CTC Include?

CTC includes all expenses an employer incurs for an employee during a year. These components can be divided into salary paid in cash and benefits paid on the employee’s behalf.

Basic Salary

Basic salary is the fixed core of the compensation structure. In many salary structures, it is set as a significant portion of CTC, but the exact percentage varies by employer policy. It is fully taxable and forms the base for calculating Provident Fund, gratuity, and certain allowances.

Allowances

Allowances are additional payments made to cover specific expenses. Common allowances included in CTC are House Rent Allowance (HRA), travel allowance, medical allowance, and special allowance. Some allowances may qualify for partial tax exemptions based on usage and eligibility.

Employer Contributions

Statutory contributions such as Provident Fund (PF) and gratuity are included in CTC even though they are not paid monthly. These amounts are part of the employer’s cost and are paid or accumulated under defined conditions.

Benefits and Perquisites

Benefits such as health insurance premiums, meal coupons, or company-leased accommodation are also included in CTC. These are non-cash benefits that add value to the salary package but do not increase take-home pay.

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How to Calculate CTC?

CTC calculation helps in understanding the total annual cost incurred by the employer for an employee.

The standard formula used is:

CTC = Basic Salary + Allowances + Employer Contributions + Benefits

Example:

• Basic Salary: ₹30,000 per month
  
• Allowances (HRA, DA, travel, etc.): ₹10,000 per month
  
• Employer-paid benefits: ₹2,000 per month
  
• Employer PF contribution: ₹3,000 per month

Monthly CTC = ₹45,000
Annual CTC = ₹5,40,000

What is the Take-Home Salary?

Take-home salary means a worker’s monthly salary that they get after all necessary deductions. While CTC includes both cash components and non-cash benefits, take-home salary is the amount credited after deductions. It is crucial to grasp this distinction as it helps employees plan out their month’s expenses and finances. 

The take-home salary is determined by deducting all of the mandatory and voluntary deductions (income tax, Provident Fund contributions, Professional Tax) from the gross salary. The result is a more realistic monthly salary for an employee. 

For example, if a worker earns a ₹60,000 salary per month: 

When tax, Provident Fund (PF), and Professional Tax (PT) are deducted, the take-home pay may be approximately ₹48,000.

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Key Deductions from Gross Salary

Gross salary, which is part of CTC, refers to the total monthly salary before statutory deductions. But gross salary isn’t what workers are paid, because certain deductions are made to meet the requirements of the law and company policies. These are deductions that impact the taxable salary and include: 

Provident Fund (PF): PF is a retirement savings scheme in which the employee contributes 12% of basic wages plus DA (if applicable), while the employer makes a matching contribution. The employee’s share is deducted from gross salary and deposited into the Provident Fund account.

For instance, if PF is calculated on ₹25,000 of eligible wages (basic wages plus DA, if applicable), then 12% would be ₹3,000..

Income Tax (TDS): The employer deducts Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) from the employee’s salary based on the applicable tax slab. TDS is charged once a month after discounting for any tax-saving claims made by the employee. This ensures compliance with the annual income tax filing deadline. 

Example: Monthly TDS depends on the chosen tax regime, deductions, and rebates. For instance, if total taxable income and slab rate result in ₹60,000 annual tax, the monthly TDS would be about ₹5,000.

Professional Tax (PT): Professional tax is a state tax levied on workers working in excess of a certain limit. Rates vary state by state and typically range from ₹200 to ₹2,500 per year. Monthly PT is deducted from salary and remitted to the state government. 

Example: PT in Maharashtra may be ₹200/month for certain rank categories, which would mean an overall deductibility of ₹2,400 annually.

For example, if the gross salary is ₹50,000 per month, with deductions of ₹2,500 as PF, ₹200 for PT, and ₹5,000 for TDS, the take-home salary will be Gross Salary – (PF + PT + TDS) = ₹50,000 – ₹7,700 = ₹42,300

Read more: What is payroll processing?

Why is Take-Home Salary Different from CTC?

Take-home salary is lower than CTC because CTC includes components that are not paid directly in cash. These include employer contributions and non-cash benefits, which increase the cost to the company but do not add to the employee’s monthly in-hand pay.

Take-home salary consists only of cash salary after deductions such as Provident Fund, income tax (TDS), and professional tax.

Example: If an employee’s CTC is ₹8 lakh per annum, the actual take-home salary may be around ₹5.5 lakh per annum after deductions and exclusion of non-cash CTC components.

Understanding Some Important Terms on Your Salary Slip

Your salary slip includes various components that affect CTC, gross salary, and take-home pay differently. Some commonly used terms are explained below.

• Basic Salary: It is the fixed portion of salary and typically accounts for 40–50% of the CTC. Basic salary is fully taxable and forms the base for calculating PF, gratuity, and certain allowances.
• Dearness Allowance (DA): DA is mainly applicable in government and public sector employment and is paid to offset the impact of inflation. It is fully taxable.
• House Rent Allowance (HRA): HRA is paid to cover housing expenses and may be partially exempt from tax if the employee lives in rented accommodation and meets exemption conditions.
• Conveyance Allowance: Conveyance allowance covers travel between home and workplace. The standard tax exemption on conveyance allowance has been withdrawn and is now included under standard deduction, except in specific cases.
• Provident Fund (PF): PF is a mandatory retirement savings scheme where 12% of basic salary is contributed by the employee, with a matching contribution from the employer. The employee’s share is deducted from gross salary.
• TDS (Tax Deducted at Source): TDS is the amount deducted monthly from an employee’s salary towards income tax, based on applicable tax slabs and declared exemptions.
• Professional Tax (PT): Professional tax is a state-level tax applicable to salaried employees earning above a defined threshold. It is not levied in all states, and rates vary by state.

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CTC vs Take Home Salary vs Gross Salary

Below is a table that shows the different elements in CTC, gross, and take-home salary.

CTC and Take-Home Salary Calculation

To better understand what take-home salary means, let’s take a practical example and calculate the gross and take-home salary on behalf of CTC.

Let’s assume an employee has an annual CTC of ₹9 lakh. 

The CTC breakdown will be as follows.

• Basic Salary: ₹4,00,000
• HRA: ₹1,50,000
• Special Allowance: ₹1,50,000
• Gratuity: ₹20,000
• Employer PF Contribution: ₹48,000
• Performance Bonus: ₹1,22,000
• Medical Insurance Premium (paid by employer): ₹10,000

Gross Salary = Basic + HRA + Special Allowance + Bonus

=₹4,00,000+₹1,50,000+₹1,50,000+₹1,22,000 = ₹8,22,000

Monthly gross salary = ₹8,22,000/12 =  ₹68,500 

Deduction from gross salary

Employee PF Contribution (12% of Basic):

=12%×₹4,00,000=₹48,000 annually, or ₹4,000 per month

TDS
Assuming the employee falls under a 10% tax slab after exemptions, TDS might be around ₹6,000 per month.

Professional Tax (PT)
Around ₹200 per month (₹2,400 annually).

Total monthly deduction

=₹4,000(PF)+₹200(PT)+₹6,000(TDS)

=₹10,200

Monthly take-home salary

=₹68,500−₹10,200

=₹58,300

Annual take-home salary

=₹58,300×12

=₹6,99,600

These calculations can be summed up as follows.

• The CTC is 10 lakh, inclusive of all benefits and allowances. 
• Gross Income (total earnings before deductions): 8.22 Lakh. 
• Monthly Take-Home Pay is 58,300 with PF, PT, and TDS deductions.

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Conclusion

CTC is the total annual amount an employer allocates for an employee, including salary, statutory contributions, and employer-paid benefits. Take-home salary is the portion of this amount that an employee receives after deductions such as tax, Provident Fund, and professional tax.

Because several components included in CTC are not paid as monthly cash, the take-home salary is always lower than the CTC mentioned in an offer letter.

FAQs

1. What is the distinction between CTC and take-home salary?
CTC is the total annual cost an employer incurs for an employee, including salary, benefits, and statutory contributions. Take-home salary means the amount an employee receives after deductions such as Provident Fund (PF) and income tax.

2. What is basic pay in my CTC?
Base pay is a predetermined portion of CTC and represents 40-50% of CTC. It is 100% taxable and provides the basis for PF, HRA and other allowances.

3. Are bonuses included in CTC?
Yes, performance-based and joining bonuses are typically included in CTC. But because they’re sometimes paid periodically or based on certain factors, they don’t impact your monthly take-home pay.

4. What are the direct and indirect advantages of CTC?
Direct benefits are cash elements such as basic salary and allowances, which are a part of the gross salary. Incremental benefits, such as PF and insurance, are company-funded expenditures included in CTC that are not taken home.

5. What is PT (Professional Tax) in the salary slip?
PT, or professional tax, is the state tax charged to salaried workers. This deduction is subject to state rules and is mandatory for those earning more than a certain income level.

6. Can I increase my take-home salary?
Yes, through an FBP that enables you to modify aspects such as HRA or reimbursements to take advantage of tax savings and increase your take-home pay.

7. How does the Provident Fund (PF) impact my take-home salary?
PF reduces take-home pay by deducting 12% of the basic salary contributed by the employee. The employer’s contribution does not reduce the employee’s take-home salary.

8. Why is knowing CTC essential before taking a job?
Knowing the cost to the company means helps you estimate a salary on the spot because it gives you cash and non-cash benefits, letting you know what you can earn every month and compare offers.

9. Is the gratuity part of take-home pay?
No, gratuity is part of CTC, but it’s not a monthly instalment. It only comes after at least five years of working for an employer.